The miRNAs we have selected take part in the control of metabolism by regulating, e.g., glucagon and insulin signaling pathways, as well as mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), PI3K-AKT/PKB (phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase/protein kinase B), AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways (miR-15a-5p, miR-23-3p, miR-223-3p), affecting glucose and lipid homeostasis, but also controlling age and hyperglycemia-related complications, such as inflammation, atherosclerosis, thrombogenesis, vascular dysfunction and remodeling (miR-21-5p, miR-223-3p). This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and atherosclerosis.