CD4 and Sepsis: IL-7 promotes the secretion of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) through an activated kinase (JAK), promotes signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) phosphorylation, and inhibits the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-like 11 (Bim).A preclinical trial including 70 patients with septic shock demonstrated that IL-7 restored the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell levels in patients with sepsis and improved the lymphocyte dysfunction caused by sepsis [31].