By reducing the expression levels of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), miR-490-3p inhibits the IRAK1/ TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) pathway; reduces the level of NF-κB phosphorylation; decreases the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF α in ALI rat model; and improves LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation and apoptosis in rats [71]. This evidence concerns the gene TRAF6 and inflammation.