EMP 1 is involved in tumor cell adhesion through the PI3K/AKT pathway [29], EMP 2 contributes to tumor cell migration via the FAK/Src pathway [30,31], and EMP 3 plays a role in tumor cell survival and metastasis through the ErbB2-PI3K-AKT pathway [32,33]. This evidence concerns the gene PTK2 and neoplasm.