IL4 and granular corneal dystrophy type II: Virgens et al. reported that skin biopsies from patients with ACD (N = 13; at 48 h of patch testing) caused by methylisothiazolinone and methylchloro-isothiazolinone show pronounced M2 macrophages (CD163+; possibly M2a) and Th2 cells (accumulation in perivascular areas), an increase in IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA expression, a mild increase in IFN-γ m RNA expression, and a decrease in RORC mRNA expression (Figure 4) [72], suggesting a contribution of M2a macrophages in Th2-biased ACD pathogenesis.