For both these two FXR agonists, pruritus represents an important side effect, and this could be related to increased production of IL-31, as recently reported by by Xu et al. [227], who detected a significant dose-dependent increase in IL-31 levels in NASH patients treated with ciloflexor, probably due to a direct effect of the FXR. Here, NR1H4 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.