Additionally, the study’s results support the idea that the G189R PAX2 mutation has two effects that contribute to the adult onset of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): the most relevant one for the pathology’s onset occurs during the early stages of kidney development and may predispose the kidney to the development of FSGS; the second effect occurs in adult podocytes, which are less able to effectively defend off external triggers and are therefore more vulnerable to injury [17]. This evidence concerns the gene PAX2 and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.