IL1B and Sepsis: As shown in Figure 16, berberine increases the activity of total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the heart, increases the protein expression of p-Akt and phosphorylated endothelial NOS, decreases the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and alleviates the cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury caused by sepsis in LPS rat and mouse models [92,93].