In addition, significant changes were found in the differential expressions of genes related to the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response to virus infections, and this included Type I Interferons, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF, and NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and cell death pathways (pyroptosis- and caspase-related apoptosis). Here, TNF is linked to viral infectious disease.