In these clinical trials, QDs have been used for a wide variety of applications, including drug carrier systems for the treatment of cancer and skin diseases (phase 1) [138], improving the vision of patients with advanced retinitis pigmentosa [139], diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction [140], and as a fluorescence detector to detect CD8+ autoreactive T cells to aid with the development of a vaccine for type I diabetes mellitus [141]. Here, CD8A is linked to acute myocardial infarction.