HAMP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Kessler et al. showed that in cirrhotic tissues, hepcidin expression was lower compared to healthy liver samples in an HBV-related cohort as well as in HCV-infected patients, hepcidin expression was even lower in the HCC samples, and in their mouse models, they showed that hepcidin expression was decreased in early hepatocarcinogenesis as well as in a later stage of murine tumorigenesis [71].