NEFL and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The authors reported higher NfL plasma and CSF levels in ALS patients compared with controls and in the C9Orf72 subgroup compared with other ALS patients [113]; in addition, NfL levels correlated with faster disease progression and were associated with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) and IL-18, confirming the prognostic role for NfL and suggesting a relationship between neuronal damage and neuroinflammatory responses [113].