PDE12 and lung adenocarcinoma: Among these genes were Pde12 (Phosphodiesterase 12), which regulates mRNA stability in the mitochondrion [50] and functions as an exoribonuclease [51]; Gpatch11 (G-Patch Domain Containing 11), a nucleic acid binding protein assumed to be present in kinetochores [52]; and Ptbp3 (Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 3), an RNA binding protein used as a biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma [53] and colorectal cancer [54].