There have been clinical and community-based studies of FMR1 premutation carriers that suggest the FMR1 premutation may increase the risk of Fragile X-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (FXAND) and conditions (FXPAC), including attention deficit disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [11,12,13,14,15]. The gene discussed is FMR1; the disease is attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.