In the urine samples of bladder cancer patients, the mRNA expression of a panel of genes (HOXA13, CDC2, IGFBP5, and MDK) was detected in 48% of stage Ta tumors, 90% of stage T1 tumors, and 100% of stage >T1 tumors at a specificity of 85%. The gene discussed is HOXA13; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.