As further evidence of MALAT1 involvement in oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy, ARPE-19 cells treated with high glucose also up-regulated MALAT1 transcript, as well as increased the expression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and CCL2 via IGF2BP2-dependent activation of NF-κB [187]. Here, TNF is linked to diabetic retinopathy.