In the assessing and diagnosis of AKI, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), adipokines, adhesion molecules and the CD40 ligand are proinflammatory cytokines, which are indicative of the extent of stress or inflammation [17,18,19,20]. Here, IL6 is linked to acute kidney injury.