In AKI, tubular cell death promotes the bloodstream release of the danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); between them, mitochondrial-derived DAMPs (mtDAMPs) are potent immunological enhancers by activation of receptor-like stimulators of interferon genes (STING), toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), and/or NLRP3 inflammasome [11,80]. Here, TLR9 is linked to acute kidney injury.