TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Consistently, PSO at a dose of 3g for eight weeks significantly reduced IL-6 (before treatment: 5.2 ± 2.2 pmol/mL compared to after treatment: 4.5 ± 1.9 pmol/mL, p = 0003) and TNF-α (before treatment: 9.2 ± 4.1 pmol/mL compared to after: 7.7 ± 2.4 pmol/mL, p = 0.028) in T2D patients.