From eight studies measuring TOS, four communicated positive correlations with BMI, visceral adipose index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass, obesity duration, triglycerides, total cholesterol, ApoB, HDL-c, hsCRP, glucose, HbA1c, and uric acid but negative correlation with fat-free mass and predicted muscle mass. This evidence concerns the gene APOB and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.