TNF and Sepsis: Likewise, a separate group has found that concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7 (interleukin-7), IL-8 (interleukin-8), IL-13 (interleukin-13), interferon-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and TNF-α were significantly higher in septic shock patients than in those with severe sepsis, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was associated with organ failure and mortality [43].