BRAF and melanoma: Targeted therapy blocking signaling pathways has been a successful approach for numerous cancers, such as targeting BCR-Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) [52,53], HER2 in HER2-positive breast cancer [19,54], epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [55,56], Kit in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) [57,58], and BRAF in BRAF V600E-containing melanoma [59,60].