With the aim of highlighting a functional role of Smad 7, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and miR-181a in clinical diagnosis and prognosis of pediatric-ALL, Nabhan M et al. evaluated miR-181 expression and Smad 7 and TGF-β1 protein levels in the serum of 60 children with ALL [16]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.