Local intra-tumoral injection of OVs prior to systemic ICI therapy resulted in both an increase in CD8+ and CD4+ TILs and increases in circulating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, in addition to local inflammation and reductions in the size of non-injected tumours, suggesting the presence of a systemic anti-tumour immune response [29,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and neoplasm.