Subcutaneous T-cell-deficient mouse xenograft model with intra-tumoural OV injection: Disease control: significantly decreased tumour growth compared to untreatedImmune response: 43-fold increase in tumour anti-CTLA-4 antibody concentrations compared to systemic plasmaIn vitro human T cell activation assay: PBMCs from advanced solid cancer patients cultured in the presence of supernatant from OV-infected cells saw increase in T cell IL-2 and IFN-γ production. Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.