Following OV infection of tumour cells and subsequent local inflammation, innate immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages within the TME, recognize the DAMPs, PAMPs and tumour antigens released by oncolysis, resulting in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IFN-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which promote the maturation of DCs and further recruitment and activation of innate immune cells [19,20] (Figure 2). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.