Several key genetic alterations in known (e.g., BRAF, NRAS, MITF, KIT, TP53, CDKN2A, and PTEN) and recently identified (e.g., NF1, RAC1, IDH1, and ARID2) genes have been described as crucial factors in melanoma development [14,15]. The gene discussed is NF1; the disease is melanoma.