Through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) of the TLR signaling pathway, Fusobacterium induces the selective loss of two autophagy-related microRNAs (microRNA-18a [miR-18a] and microRNA-4802 [miR-4802MYD88]), which activate autophagy, thereby reducing the antitumor activity of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil in cancer patients (Figure 2) [13,23,24,30,65]. Here, TLR4 is linked to cancer.