Pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract always cause local inflammation and induce the production of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (especially interleukin-1 [IL-1] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and further lead to the activation of tumor-related signaling pathways. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.