Methylation-mediated inactivation of the RASSF1 promoter region has been linked to an elevated risk of various cancer types, including small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, renal cell carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and is considered an excellent biomarker for BCa since it is rarely found in normal tissue [40]. Here, RASSF1 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.