Regarding the mRNA expression, a significant increase in TGF-β1, HIF-1α, NGAL, B2M, FGF23, TLR-2, IL-18, and YKL-40 was observed in the long-term post-MHV-1 infection, whereas only NGAL was found to be significantly increased in the acute stage post-infection. Here, HIF1A is linked to infection.