TRIM32 and autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H: TRIM32-knockout and D489N knock-in mice, as models of LGMD2H, presented with neurogenic as well as myopathic and dystrophic phenotypes [38,93], which made it difficult to interpret the phenotypes of these model mice because distinguishing the roles of TRIM32 in skeletal muscle in the model mice with the dual phenotype is not possible; nevertheless, these mouse models of LGMD2H provided an invaluable understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying LGMD2H.