The authors emphasize that these TLR defects are specific to CVID, as PBMCs from CVID patients stimulated with TLR ligands produced normal amounts of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, and TLR3-mediated expression of IFN-β by CVID fibroblasts was also normal. This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and common variable immunodeficiency.