CYBB and Chagas disease: Prolo et al. showed that murine macrophages deficient in the gp91phox subunit of NOX2 in Trypanosoma cruzi infection produced minimal amounts of O2− and were, therefore, more susceptible to infection by the parasite, as it presents higher proliferation in such macrophages compared to macrophages from wild-type animals, and thus concluded that O2− is crucial for the elimination of Trypanosoma cruzi [27].