GCH1 and neoplasm: In addition, univariate analysis of clinicopathological factors, 4-HNE accumulation, and GPX4, FSP1, and GCH1 expression, was performed, and 4-HNE accumulation (p = 0.003), GPX4 expression (p = 0.005), tumor size (p = 0.001), number of lesions (p = 0.006), and vascular invasion (p = 0.004) were significantly associated with prognosis (Table 1).