On comparison between the subgroups, (D) significantly lower frequency of CD3+ T cells were observed in COPD S as compared to CNS (p < 0.01) and CS (p < 0.01), and (E) CD4+ T cells were significantly lower in COPD S (p < 0.05), COPD RS (p < 0.05) and CNS (p < 0.01) as compared to CS. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.