In recent years, independent evidence suggesting a role for T2 RNases in immune response regulation has come from the results of several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) focused on a wide range of human autoimmune diseases, which showed that several SNPs located in the 5′ region of the human RNASET2 gene are highly associated with an increased risk of vitiligo, Graves’ disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and type I diabetes [86]. The gene discussed is RNASET2; the disease is autoimmune disease.