Here, while being conscious that the full impact of RNASET2 in the clinical setting still requires further elucidation, we highlighted several biological roles of RNASET2, which acts in cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manners, by pointing out its influence on the pathogenesis of various disorders, including neurodegeneration, cancer, and infections, suggesting its promising implications for future possible clinical applications. This evidence concerns the gene RNASET2 and cancer.