Regarding BALF samples, we found that total cell (Fig. 4C), neutrophil (Fig. 4D), proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-a, IL-1β and IL-6) and chemokine JE (mouse MCP-1) (Fig. 4E-H) levels were significantly increased in LPS-induced ALI mice compared with sham mice. Here, IL6 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.