Moreover, pancreatic insulin:proinsulin ratio, a measure of the efficiency of proinsulin processing to insulin that is perturbed in β-cells of type 2 diabetics, was increased in db/db mice treated with the highest, 1 mg/g, dose of O304 compared with untreated db/db mice (Fig. 5e). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.