Recent findings by Ashcroft et al., showed that chronic hyperglycemia increased mTORC1 signalling with concomitant reduction of AMPK signalling in β-cells, which leads to increased expression of Pdk1 that through inhibition of PDH limits the entry of pyruvate into the citric cycle and thus negatively affects oxidative phosphorylation and insulin secretion42. The gene discussed is PDP1; the disease is Hyperglycemia.