As depicted in Fig. 8j, the percentage of CD8+ T cells in the distant tumors of “M1-MPNPs + L” group was 1.45 times and 2.26 times higher than that of “MPNPs + L” group and “M1-MPNPs” group, respectively, suggesting the strong anti-tumor immune effect induced by M1-MPNPs. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.