The Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) can be activated in the immune cells in the kidneys by LPS and peptidoglycan, which binds the receptor, leading to stimulation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome, responsible for the synthesis of many inflammatory cytokines closely linked to the progression of kidney failure [63]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and kidney failure.