Recent laboratory findings further expanded the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Cd in metabolic syndrome by unraveling the role of autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and NLRP3 inflammasome in cell dysfunction, as well as the systemic epigenetic effects of Cd and modulation of gut microbiota in β-cell and endothelial dysfunction, as well as insulin resistance. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is Insulin resistance.