Despite the lack of a significant difference (p = 0.59) in severity of MetS between the groups of children with or without vitamin D deficiency, the levels of MetS components (W/HtR, HDL, TG, and adiponectin) were shown to be significantly altered between the groups (p < 0.03; p < 0.04; p < 0.02; p < 0.02), with increased levels of W/HtR and TG and lowered levels of HDL and adiponectin. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and vitamin D deficiency.