TNF and pneumocystosis: In contrast, a higher incidence of PCP has been reported from Japan among patients with RA, especially those receiving various newly developed immunotherapeutic agents, including TNFα inhibitors, T cell signaling inhibitors, and anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, with an incidence of 0.1–0.4% and mortality of 10.1–22.2% [115,116,117,150].