ADM and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: Additionally, previous studies have reported ADM upregulation in human proximal tubular epithelial cells cultured under hypoxic conditions [54], including maltase–glucoamylase (MGAM) upregulation in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia patients [55] and vanin 3 (VNN3) upregulation in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma patients [56].