Based on the presented data on the close interactions between the drug responsiveness of tumor cells and the response to antitumor therapy, we developed a prognostic scale based on the evaluation of the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and the expression of MDR1 mRNA in tumor cells, as well as standard prognostic factors (origin of leukemia, karyotype, age, presence of aberrant immunophenotype) for the risk stratification of AML patients (Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene ABCB1 and leukemia.