A significantly increased amount of IL-1β (p < 0.001) was detected in the peri-matrix tissue underlying the matrix of both adult and acquired pediatric cholesteatomas (OD = 108.44 ± 9.47 and 148.68 ± 4.07, respectively) (Figure 4(B2,C2,B3,C3,F)). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and cholesteatoma.