REN and hypertensive disorder: These findings comprise this evidence: (1) at the time of diagnosis, maternal blood AT1-AA concentrations are higher in 80% of pre-eclamptic women [109]; (2) the amount of AT1-AA in a mother’s serum relates to how severe her hypertension and proteinuria are [110]; (3) giving pregnant rats AT1-AA (either purified AT1-AA from pre-eclampsia patients or endogenous AT1-AA produced in response to the transgenic expression of human renin and angiotensinogen) caused hypertension, proteinuria, and glomerular capillary endotheliosis.