A multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 was used for β-lactamase assay, whereas a MOI of 20 was for the phospho-p38 and NF-κB staining using confocal micorsopy, uptake, LDH cytotoxicity, rypan blue assays, and a MOI of 100 for infections of HeLa cells. Here, NFKB1 is linked to infection.