Besides, the integrative model combining GLT-1+/SYN211+ EVs and GLT-1+/MJFR14+ EVs further increased the diagnostic power in differentiating PD from HC with an AUC of 0.915 (Fig. 7h, 95% CI 0.877–0.954, sensitivity = 81.6%, specificity = 89.6%) and from MSA with an AUC of 0.877 (Fig. 7i, 95% CI 0.807–0.946, sensitivity = 78.7%, specificity = 89.6%). Here, SLC1A2 is linked to Parkinson disease.