A number of known esophageal cell-specific transcription factors were identified, including GATA4/6, HNF4A/G, HNF1B, ELF3, EHF in EAC [43, 52, 53], and TP63, SOX2, and MAFB in ESCC [45, 54] (Fig. 5G,H). The gene discussed is GATA4; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.