TGFB1 and neoplasm: For example, tumor-derived IL-1 promotes LIF expression and differentiation into inflammatory CAFs, while TGFβ antagonizes this process by suppressing the expression of IL-1 receptor and facilitates differentiation into myofibroblastic subtype.472 In addition, multiple cells of origin generating CAFs contribute to heterogeneity and functional divergence, including tissue-resident fibroblasts, pericytes, mesenchymal stromal cells, and adipocytes.475 The genome of CAFs is stable, but their gene expression programs show highly heterogeneous.