EC-derived surface proteins (e.g., VCAM-1) and soluble factors (e.g., CXCL2, soluble Notch ligands, LAMA1, and INHBB) orchestrate tumor cell behavior, promote cancer stem cell phenotype and survival, and recruit and educate tumor-associated neutrophils and macrophages.451–454 To achieve these above-mentioned protumor function, tumor ECs alters their gene expression program upon crosstalk with the tumor cells and other TME cells.454,455. Here, VCAM1 is linked to neoplasm.