For instance, succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (K18119) was enriched only in the Ghanaian cohort, 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferase (K18122) was enriched among South African participants, and lysine/glutarate/succinate enzyme (K14268) differentially abundant within the Seychelles population (Supplementary Fig. 4a; ANCOM-BC; q < 0.05). The gene discussed is ALDH5A1; the disease is breast cancer.