However, the indications for an external pump therapy for non-pregnant adults with T1D has been summarized by the French Society for the Study of Diabetes [4] as follows 1) A1C persistently > 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) despite intensified MDI (at least 3 injections per day) 2) Recurrent severe (more than one a year) or moderate (more than four a year) hypoglycemia, 3) Marked glycemic variability, 4) Variability in insulin needs, 5) Good metabolic control under MDI, but undermining the patient’s social/professional life. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.